Physicians and other healthcare providers who received gifts from pharmaceutical companies were much more likely to prescribe a higher number of drugs per patient, including more costly prescriptions for branded medicines, compared to prescriptions written by medical providers who did not accept gifts, according to research published in PLOS ONE.
Gifts of any size had an effect on prescribing, and larger gifts elicited a larger impact, according to study findings. These gifts varied in value from as little as $7 a year (i.e., a dozen doughnuts) to as much as $200,000 in cash, said researchers from Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) and The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health.
The deep dive into pharmaceutical gift spending and Medicare Part D prescriber reports filed for 2013 for the Washington D.C. area found that almost 40 percent of these providers accepted $3.9 million worth of money, meals, trips, and other gifts. (Medicare Part D is a federal prescription drug program that covers patients over age 65 or who are disabled.)
There are no national laws that prohibit healthcare providers from accepting gifts or payments from industry, but that should be changed to protect patient health, said study investigator Adriane Fugh-Berman, MD, professor in the department of pharmacology and physiology at GUMC.
“Every slice of pizza given to a physician compromises patient health,” added Fugh-Berman, director of PharmedOut, a research and education project that examines pharmaceutical industry marketing and supports evidence-based, cost-effective prescribing.
“Industry gifts influence prescribing behavior, cost taxpayers money, and should be banned,” she said.
“Our finding that gifts from pharmaceutical companies result in more prescriptions per patient is particularly concerning, because the more medications a patient takes, the higher the risk of adverse effects,” said Susan F. Wood, PhD, professor in the department of health policy and management and director of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health at the Milken Institute School of Public Health.
While previous research has raised the issue of of pharmaceutical gifts on physician care, this study looks not only at doctors but at other providers of medical care including nurse practitioners, physician assistants, podiatrists, and others who reported prescribing medicine using Medicare Part D.
The researchers matched gifts with provider information using the CMS 2013 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data. In this way, they uncovered links between prescribing history and in 2,873 providers in D.C. during 2013.
Among the findings are:
- Gift recipients prescribed an average of 892 claims each, more than twice as many as the 389 claims per prescriber for non-gift recipients
- Compared to non-gift recipients, gift recipients prescribed 7.8 percent more branded drugs
- Physicians who received small gifts (less than $500 annually) had more expensive claims ($114 vs. $85) and more branded claims (30.3 percent vs. 25.7 percent) than physicians who received no gifts
- Physicians receiving large gifts (greater than $500 annually) had the highest average costs per claim ($189) and branded claims (39.9 percent) than other groups.
“This study clearly shows that even small gifts change the practice of medicine,” said Fugh-Berman. “Gifts, no matter their size, have a powerful effect on human relationships, and pharmaceutical companies are well aware of that.”
This article was adapted from information provided by GUMC.